Lesson 1.7: Adjective Placement
Now that you know how to decline adjectives, there’s one more thing to consider when you’re using adjectives: where to place them. As you’ve seen throughout the course, Spanish adjectives are typically placed after the noun they modify, unlike in English. However, there are a few situations in which an adjective can be placed before the noun.
Adjectives that always precede the noun
There are a few adjectives that always come before the noun they modify. Most of them are limiting adjectives, which clarify which thing is being referred to instead of describing its qualities.
The main ones are:
alguno (some)bastante (enough)cierto (certain)cuanto (as much)demasiado (too much)otro (other)poco (a little)posible (possible)puro (mere)todo (every)- All cardinal numbers (one, two, three, etc.)
- All ordinal numbers (first, second, third, etc.)
último (last)
By no means is that an exhaustive list, but you don’t even have to memorize the ones we listed. All you need is to understand the general pattern: limiting adjectives come before the noun, while descriptive adjectives come after the noun.
Additionally, the following adjectives that describe goodness precede the noun:
bueno (good)malo (bad)mejor (best)peor (worst)grande (great; can also mean large, but comes after the noun in that case)
Pre-noun placement for emphasis
Descriptive adjectives can optionally be placed before the noun to convey emphasis, emotion, or a poetic quality. That mostly just happens in literature, but it’s occasionally used in regular conversation, too.
Apocopation
Certain pre-noun adjectives drop a few letters from the end when they’re placed before a masculine singular noun, a process called apocopation. Most adjectives don’t, but there are some common ones that do. The most common adjectives that use apocopation are:
alguno (some) becomesalgún bueno (good) becomesbuen malo (bad) becomesmal ninguno (no; none) becomesningun uno (a; one) becomesun (Yes, this familiar article is the result of apocopation.)primero (first) becomesprimer tercero (third) becomestercer postrero (last) becomespostrer santo (saint) becomessan grande (great) becomesgran (This happens for feminine singular nouns as well.)ciento (hundred) becomescien (This happens for every noun except for when describing another number, as in “one hundred million.”)